Analytical Materials:

The documents hosted and linked here are a selection of otherwise published and unpublished analyses and interpretations of land issues with an emphasis on the human rights dimensions of land and land administration. Most analyses address current policies and proposals for alternatives and pose solutions to related problems.

Algeria

Fourrier, Henri. La colonisation officielle et les concessions de terres domaniales en Algérie1915

Bahrain

• Al-Khalifa Family Land Grab (images) (2011)

• Bahraini Youth Society for Human Rights, Bahraini Youth Protest Ruling Family’s Confiscation of National Coastline (Jun-07)

• Ahmed,Omar F. Broken Promises: Human Rights, Constitutionalism and Socio-economic Exclusion in Bahrain (2010)

Cyprus

• Demetriades P. Lellos. The Case of Loizidou v. Turkey(Jul-01)

• Gaertner, Veronica. ECJ: AG Opinion in “Apostolides”(Dec-08)

• HIC-HLRN. Legal Developments in affecting property restitution of Cyprus refugees and IDPs (January–April 2010)

• Williams, C. Rhodri. Note on ECtHR Decision in Demopoulos v. Turkey(Oct-10)

Egypt

• Assir, Serene. Starving those who feed us(Jan-08)

• Chapin Metz,H. Rural Society in Egypt: A Country Study Egypt: “Rural Society”1990

• Gluckstein, Y. The Present Agrarian Crisis in Egypt(1935)

• IFAD. Arab Republic of Egypt Country Programme Evaluation(Jun-05)

• Lewis N.Lowell, Egypt's Future Depends on Agriculture and Wisdom" Right to Food and Nutrition Watch(2009)

• Saber, Karem. Agrarian policy,Legislation and violations of Human Rights in Egypt(2006)

• Land Center for Human Rights. Water Problems in the Egyptian Countryside: Between corruption and lack of planning (CasEgypt: studies of two Egyptian villages)(Dec-05)

• Sara, Sabry. Poverty lines in Greater Cairo: Underestimating and misrepresenting poverty(May-09)

• Schechla, Joseph."Disappearing Peasants, Disappearing Land," Right to Food and Nutrition Watch(2009)

• Sims, David. Residential Informality in Greater Cairo: Typologies, Representative Areas, Quantification, Valuation and Causal Factors(2000)

• 
  *OMCT. Agrarian policy, human rights and violence in Egypt(Jun-06)

• Yousry, Mahmoud and Aboul A. Tarek. The challenge of urban growth in Cairo(Jun-05)

Iraq

• Auweraert, Van der Peter. Property Restitution in Iraq(Sep-07)

• Abu Samra, Dina. Iraq: Property and land(Jul-06)

• HIC-HLRN. Restoring Values: Institutional Challenges to Providing Restitution and Compensation for Iraqi Housing and Land Rights Victims(Aug-05)

• Human Rights Watch, Reverse Ethnic Cleansing in Northern Iraq(Aug-04)

• Global IDP Database. Eviction of Kurds but also of Turkmen and Assyrians from the Kirkuk area (1997–2002)(2003)

Jordan

• Amman Center for Human Rights Studies, Jordan: The Jordanian Landlords and Tenants Law The Right to Adequate Housing(5/1/2008)

• Legal Empowerment of the Poor, Jordan Property Rights(2009)

Lebanon

• Nizar and Rana Saghieh, Lebanon: Legal Assessment of Housing, Land and Property Ownership, Rights, Transfers, and Property Law related to Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon(Oct-08)

Mauritania

• Islamic Republic of Mauritania, National Adaptation Program of Action for Climate Change(Nov-04)

• Kirsch Jung, Karl P. and Soeftestad Lars , Regulating the commons in Mauritania: Local agreements as a tool for natural resource management(Jun-03)

• Wabnitz, Hans-Werner. The Code Pastoral of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Return to the Sources: Revival of Traditional Nomads' Rights to Common Property Resources(Mar-10)

• FAO Les Femmes l’Agriculture et le Développement Rural 1994

Morocco

• El Aissi, Nour Eddine Terres collectives : Les femmes réclament leur part 2008

• El Arif, Hassan Terres collectives : Une réserve foncière de 12 millions d'hectares

• Hassni, Mohamed, Mohamed Feljy and Hamid Khalali. Le système foncier au Maroc. Une sécurité et un facteur de développement durable au milieu urbain et rural2003

• L.B La tutelle administrative sur les terres collectives 2011

• Terres collectives : La cession ou la location se fait sans pression aucuneLe MAP2008

• Le Matin. Benmoussa décortique l'approche marocaine de la décentralisation Nouvelle orientation: de la tutelle à l'accompagnement2008

• Oudghiri, Meriem. Propriété de la terre: Des statuts bien compliqués1993

• Tale, Bensouda Korachi Vers la privatisation des terres: le rôle de l’Etat dans la modernisation des régimes fonciers au Maroc1998

• Bouderbala, N. « La modernisation et la gestion du foncier au Maroc1997

Palestine/Israel

• ARIJ, An Assessment of the Israeli Practices on the Palestinian Agricultural Sector(29 September 2000–31 December 2001)

• Abufarha, Nasser. "Land Ownership in Palestine/Israel"(Jan-07)

• Alexadre, Sandy Kedar and Yiftachel Oren , Land Regime and Social Relations in Israel(2006)

• B'Tselem, Land Grab: Israel's Settlement PoliCyprus: in the West Bank(May-02)

• 
  *Davis,Uri Apartheid Israel and the Jewish National Fund of Canada: The Story of ‘Imwas Yalu, Beit Nuba and Canada ark(Sep-04)

• Eldar, Akiva Palestine/Israel: IDF petitions over state's Ottoman land law in West Bank(2008)

• Dakwar, Jamil. Adalah– The Legal Center for the Arab Minority Rights in Israel, "The Palestinians in Israel: Between the Hammer of Land Privatization and the Anvil of Land Nationalization"(May-05)

• Gavish, Dov and Kark, Ruth Palestine/Israel: The cadastral mapping of Palestine, 1858-1928(Mar-93)

• Goldberg, Eliezer and others. Palestine/Israel: Goldberg Commission's Recommendations(2008)

• Hadawi,Sami. Land Ownership in Palestine1957

• Hanafi, Sari. Spacio-cide: colonial politics, invisibility and rezoning in Palestinian territory2009

• HIC-HLRN. The Goldberg Opportunity: A Chance for Human Rights-based Statecraft in Israel(2010)

• HIC-HLRN. Targeting Homes, Shelters and Shelter Seekers during Operation Cast Lead in the Context of Israeli Military Practice,” HIC-HLRN Submission to the UN Fact-finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict(Jul-09)

• HIC-HRLN, 'JNF factsheet'(7/1/2007)

• HIC-HLRN and Al Mezan, Palestine/Israel: Report on Israel`s Violations of Palestinian Civilians` Right to Adequate Housing & Land in OPT(Mar-04)

• Kadri, Ali. "The property rights of the Palestinian small farmer and the right to development in the Palestinian occupied territory"(1996)

• Land Research Center, Geopolitical Situations in Hebron Governorate, Palestine(Jul-06)

• Lendman, Stephen. "Israeli Theft of Palestinian Property"(Jan-10)

• Leon Dan , "The Jewish National Fund: How the Land Was "Redeemed"(2005)

• Mulama, Joyce "Qatar: Development-Kenya: Fears over New Land Deal"(Jul-09)

• Palestine Land Society, Financing Racism and Apartheid: Jewish National Fund's Violation of International and Domestic Law(Aug-05)

• PARC et al. The Palestinian Agriculture Sector through 40 Years of Occupation(Jun-07)

• Sandberg, Haim. "Land Expropriations of Private Arab Land in Israel - An Empirical Analysis of the Regular Course of Business"(Jul-09)

• Settlement Watch, Peace Now, Palestine/Israel: Two Views on Israel’s House Demolition Policy in the Negev Desert(Oct-06)

• Schechla, Joseph "The State of Israel’s Human Rights Obligations before the UN Treaty-monitoring Bodies" 1998–2007(May-07)

• Sitta Abu, Salman. Dividing War Spoils: Israel’s Seizure, Confiscation and Sale of Palestinian Property(2009)

• Swirski, Shlomo and Hasson, Yael Geopolitical Situations in Hebron. Invisible Citizens: Israeli Government Policy toward the Negev Bedouin(Feb-06)

• Schechla, Joseph , “Jewish Nationality,” “National Institutions” and Institutionalized Dispossession(Jun-05)

• Weiner, Scott This Land is Mine: Two Views on Israel’s House Demolition Policy in the Negev Desert(2007)

• Stein, Kenneth W. Palestine/Israel: The Jewish National Fund: Land Purchase Methods and Priorities, 1924–1939(Apr-84)

• Tal, Alon. Enduring Technological Optimism: Zionism’s Environmental Ethic and Its Influence on Israel’s Environmental History(Apr-08)

• 20_10_2008.pdf World Bank. The Economic Effects of Restricted Access to Land in the West Bank(Oct-08)

• [http://www.landpedia.org/landdoc/Analytical_materials/A_46_263_1991.pdf UN Secretary General, Israeli Land and Water Policies in the Occupied Palestinian and Arab Territories, A/46/263(Jun-91)

• Willatts, E.C. Palestine/Israel: Some Geographical Factors in the Palestine Problem(1946)

• Yiftachel, Oren Palestine/Israel: Bedouin Arabs and the Israeli Settler State: Land Policies and Indigenous Resistance(2003)

• Schulman, Leon. Zur türkischen agrarfrage, Palästina und die fellachenwirtschaft 1916

• United States Congress, House Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on International Organizations Israeli settlements in the occupied territories hearings before the Subcommittees on International Organizations and on Europe and the Middle East of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, first session, September 12, 21; and October 19, 19771978

• United States Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Immigration and Naturalization The colonization of the West Bank territories by Israel hearings before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Naturalization of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, first session ... October 17 and 18, 19771978

Somalia

• Bruce, J.W. Country Profiles of Land Tenure: Africa: 19961998

• Displacement Solutions Housing, Land and Property Rights in the South Central Somalia: Preliminary Assessment and Proposed Strategies for Expanded Approaches2008

• Farah, I. “Land tenure and conflict in Somalia: issues from the Somali Peace Process,” Summary Report of the Conference on Land Tenure and Conflict in Africa: Prevention, Mitigation and Reconstruction, Nairobi, 9–10 December 2004 2005

• NRC, UNHCR & UN HABITAT Land, property, and housing in Somalia2008

• NRC, UNHCR & UN HABITAT Land, Property and Housing in Somalia2008

• and 4417_21585_somaliland UN-HABITAT Somaliland - Puntland State of Somalia. The Land Legal Framework: Situation Analysis2006

Sudan

• Hasim, Jalal Nubian Dams. Demographic Engineering and the Deteriorating Situation in Northern Sudan(Sep-08)

• International Crisis Group, Sudan’s Southern Kordofan Problem: The Next Darfur?(Oct-08)

• Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Rich farms, conflict and climate change(May-08)

• Johnson, Douglas H. Food Aid, Land Tenure and the Survival of the Subsistence Economy(Jun-01)

• Komey, Kunda Guma "The denied land rights of the indigenous peoples and their endangered livelihood and survival: the case of the Nuba of the Sudan"(Sep-07)

• Matus, Jasom "The future of food security in the Three Areas of Sudan"(Jun-06)

• Pantuliano, Sara The land question: Sudan’s peace nemesis(Dec-07)

• Suliman, Mohamed Resource Access: A Major Cause of Armed Conflict in the Sudan. The Case of the Nuba Mountains(May-98)

Syria

• HIC-HLRN,Systematic Housing and Land Rights Violations against Syrian Kurds(Mar-11)

Tunisia

• Daoud, Zakya. Comment Bourguiba a révolutionné les terres habous2005

• Gharbi, Mohamed Terres privées, collectives et domaniales en Tunisie

Turkey

• HIC-HLRN, Turkey: Savas ve Zorla Koy Bosaltmalarin Turkiye’deki Kentlesmeye Etkisi: Konut Haklari Ihlalleri(Mar-96)

• HIC-HLRN, Turkey: The Impact of War and Forced Evictions on Urbanisation in Turkey: Violations of Housing Rights(Mar-96)

Western Sahara

• Haugen, Hans Morten “The Right to Self-Determination and Natural Resources: The Case of Western Sahara”2007

• Olsson, Claes, ed. The Western Sahara conflict: The Role of Natural Resources in Decolonization2006

• United States Congress, House of Representatives, Subcommittees on International Organizations and on Europe and the Middle East of the Committee on International Relations, The Question of Self-Determination in Western Sahara: Hearing before the Subcommittees on International Organizations and on Africa of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress1977

Yemen

• HIC-HLRN, "The Human Right to Adequate Housing in the case of al-Akhdam"(Aug-07)

• Lababedi, Zara "The Urban Development of Damascus: A study of its past, present and future"(2008)

• Seif, "Huda Parallel report to CERD"(Aug-07)

• Yemeni American League, "Yemeni Issues: Water, Pasture, Fire"(Jun-07)

Thematic & Comparative

• Center for International Environmental Law, Community-Based Property Rights: A Concept Note(Sep-02)

• Chemonics, Report: Symposium on Land Registration in the Arab World - “Challenges and Ambitions”(Sep-05)

• Cotula, Lorenzo Thematic & Comparative: Gender and Law - Women's Rights in Agriculture(2007)

• Dante A. Caponera. Ownership and transfer of water and land in Islam(Jan-07)

• Brown, Oli and Crawford, Alec "Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions: Climate change and the risk of violent conflict in the Middle East"(2009)

• HIC-HLRN, Charting the Need for System Change amid Climate Change: Housing and Land Rights Violations in 2008–10(2010)

• HIC-HLRN, Discrimination Everywhere: Housing and Land Rights Violations in 2007–09(Oct-09)

• HIC-HLRN, Land Forum, Cairo(May-09)

• HIC-HLRN, The Human Rights Dimensions of Land in the Middle East and North Africa(May-09)

• HIC-HLRN, Anatomies of a Social Movement: Social Production of Habitat in the Middle East/North Africa (Part I)(2004)

• HIC-HLRN, Closing the Human Rights Gap in MDG 7: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability(2007)

• HIC-HLRN, Thematic & Comparative: Housing and Land Rights Crisis,2007: Violations Escalating around the World(Oct-07)

• HIC-HLRN, Thematic & Comparative: The Great Land Grab: Rush for World’s Farmland Threatens Food Security for the Poor(Oct-08)

• Hic-HLRN, “Human Rights and Struggles over Habitat, land and Environment,” Human Dignity and Human Rights Caucus at World Social Forum VII, Nairobi, 20–25 January 2007(Jan-07)

• HIC-HLRN and OHCHR, Thematic & Comparative: The Alexandria Consultation Women’s Right to Adequate Housing and Land Middle East/North Africa(Jul-06)

• Schutter, De Olivier Large-scale land acquisitions and leases: A set of core principles and measures to address the human rights challenge(Jun-09)

• Schechla, Joseph "Addressing Marginality: Some Theoretical and Practical Contributions from Social Science and Law"(2009)

• L. Cotula, S. Vermeulen, R. Leonard and J. Keeley, Land grab or development opportunity? Agricultural investment and international land deals in Africa(2009)

• Shepard Daniel with Mittal, Anuradha. "The Great Land Grab: Rush for World’s Farmland Threatens Food Security for the Poor"(2009)

• Saif, Ibrahim. The Food Price Crisis in the Arab Countries: Short Term Responses to a Lasting Challenge(Oct-08)

• [1.pdf Expert Group, Thematic & Comparative: East London Guiding Principles on Islamic Land Tools](May-07)

• Sait, Siraj and Lim, Hillary Thematic & Comparative: Law and Islam: Property and Human Rights in the Muslim World(2006)

• Toulmin, Camilla Thematic & Comparative: Securing land rights for the poor in Africa — Key to growth, peace and sustainable development(Jul-06)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Glossary of Arabic, Ottoman and Islamic Terms(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Islamic Credit and Microfinance(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Islamic Human Rights and Land(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Islamic Inheritance Laws and Systems(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Islamic Land Tenures and Reform(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Islamic Land Theories and Their Application(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Islamic Law, Land and Methodologies(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Muslim Women and Property(2005)

• UN Habitat, Thematic & Comparative: Waqf (Endowment) and Islamic Philanthropy(2005)

• UN Secretary General, Thematic & Comparative: Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources (Chapter 10 of Agenda 21)(Jan-97)

• Williams, Rhodri C. Housing, land and property issues central to new Durable Solutions Framework for IDPs(Mar-10)

Gender Issues

• ADFM & Forum des Alternatives Maroc. "Maroc : les femmes et les terres collectives, lutte pour la reconnaissance des droits fonciers"(2009)

• El Aissi, Nour Eddine. "Terres collectives : Les femmes réclament leur part"(2008)

• Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions. "In Search of Equality. A survey of law and practice related to women’s inheritance rights in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region."(2006)

• FAO. "The status and extent of women's participation in agriculture: A synthesis report of the Near East Region - Women, agriculture and rural development"(1995)

• FAO. "Mauritanie –Les Femmes l’Agriculture et le Développement Rural"(1994)

• Kothari, Miloon. "Women and Adequate Housing"(2003)

• Naciri, R. "Les droits des femmes, par Rapport thématique transversal du "Rapport sur 50 ans de développement humain au Maroc et perspectives pour 2025"(2006)

• UN Secretary-General."Women’s equal ownership of, access to and control over land and the equal rights to own property and to adequate housing"(2002)

• Women Living Under Muslim Laws. "The Egyptian Ombudsman Office for Gender Equality: Helping women obtain fair treatment"(2005)

• Zeid, Abu, M. Khaled “Policy Analysis of National Water Plans in Selected Arab Countries”

• Zeid, Abu, M. Khaled and Mohamed H. Elrawady “Sustainable Development of Non-Renewable Groundwater”

• Zerour, Leila. "Rabéa Naciri : «Les femmes doivent être reconnues comme des ayants droit»"(2008)

• السكريتير العام للأمم المتحدة."مساواة المرأةوالتحكم فيها ومساواتها في حقوق التملك والسكن اللائق"2002

• كوثاري، ميلون ."المرأة والسكن الملائق"2003

• مركز خدمات التنمية ."دراسة تحليلية عن مشاركة المرأة وفعالية دورها في إدارة روابط مستخدمي المياه في الفيوم"2010